| 五口通商 |
wǔ kǒu tōng shāng |
the five treaty ports forced on Qing China by the 1842 treaty of Nanjing 南京条约 that concluded the First Opium War, namely: Guangzhou 广州, Fuzhou 福州, Ningbo 宁波, Xiamen or Amoy 厦门 and Shanghai 上海 |
| 五 |
wǔ |
five / 5 |
| 口 |
kǒu |
mouth / classifier for things with mouths (people, domestic animals, cannons, wells etc) / classifier for bites or mouthfuls |
| 通 |
tōng |
to go through / to know well / (suffix) expert / to connect / to communicate / open / to clear / classifier for letters, telegrams, phone calls etc |
| 通 |
tòng |
classifier for an activity, taken in its entirety (tirade of abuse, stint of music playing, bout of drinking etc) |
| 通商 |
tōng shāng |
(of nations) to have trade relations; to engage in trade |
| 商 |
Shāng |
Shang Dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BC) / surname Shang |
| 商 |
shāng |
commerce / merchant / dealer / to consult / 2nd note in pentatonic scale / quotient (as in 智商, intelligence quotient) |