| 苦 |
kǔ sè | bitter and astringent / pained / agonized |
| 苦 |
kǔ | bitter / hardship / pain / to suffer / to bring suffering to / painstakingly |
| 涩 |
sè | astringent / tart / acerbity / unsmooth / rough (surface) / hard to understand / obscure |
| 涩 |
sè | old variant of 涩 |