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Zhōng wén Chinese language
shàng xià the top and bottom of sth / the full vertical extent of sth; from top to bottom / to go up and down / before and after (as in 上下文 "context") / (used after a quantity) approximately; ... or so / (in a social hierarchy) the high and the low; seniors and juniors (as in 上下和睦 "harmony between superiors and subordinates") / all members of a group (as in 举国上下 "the entire nation") / relative superiority (as in 不相上下 "evenly matched")
Yīng wén English (language)
wén text / CL:
zuò wén to write an essay / composition (student essay) / CL:
tiān wén astronomy
wài wén foreign language (written)
sǎn wén (broadly) prose (as opposed to verse) / (more narrowly) free-form literary prose, such as essays, sketches and reflections
kāi to open (transitive or intransitive) / (of ships, vehicles, troops etc) to start / to turn on; to put in operation; to operate; to run / to boil / to write out (a prescription, check, invoice etc) / (directional complement) away; off / carat (gold) / abbr. for Kelvin, 开尔文 / abbr. for 开本, book format
wén language / culture / writing / formal / literary / gentle / (old) classifier for coins / Kangxi radical 67
zhǐ kōng wén a worthless piece of paper (idiom)
lùn wén paper / treatise / thesis / CL: / to discuss a paper or thesis (old)
shí wén (historical) imperial examination essay; eight-legged essay 八股文 / current-affairs article; topical commentary (esp. as reading material in educational contexts)
shàng xià wén (textual) context
tuī wén tweet (on Twitter) / (HK, Tw) to "bump" a forum thread to raise its profile / to reply to original poster (or recommend a post) on PTT bulletin board
rén wén humanities; culture; humanistic
wén old language / the Classics / Classical Chinese as a literary model, esp. in Tang and Song prose / Classical Chinese as a school subject
qǐng to formally request (by means of an official communication 咨文)
wǎng wén online literature, esp. web novels (abbr. for 网络文学)
lái wén Malay language


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By MDBG 2026