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前 |
qián | front / forward / ahead / first / top (followed by a number) / future / ago / before / BC (e.g. 前293年) / former / formerly |
儒 |
Rú jiā | Confucian school, founded by Confucius 孔子 (551-479 BC) and Mencius 孟子 (c. 372-c. 289 BC) |
周 |
Zhōu Chéng wáng | King Cheng of Zhou (1055-1021 BC), reigned 1042-1021 BC as the 2nd king of Western Zhou 西周, son of King Wu of Zhou 周武王 |
颛 |
Zhuān xū | Zhuanxu, one of the Five Legendary Emperors 五帝, grandson of the Yellow Emperor 黄帝, trad. reigned 2513-2435 BC |
曾 |
Zēng zǐ | Zengzi (505-435 BC), student of Confucius, presumed editor or author of Confucian classic the Great Learning 大学 |
商 |
Shāng | Shang Dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BC) / surname Shang |
秦 |
Qín Hàn | the Qin (221-207 BC) and Han (206 BC-220 AD) dynasties |
神 |
Shén nóng | Shennong or Farmer God (c. 2000 BC), first of the legendary Flame Emperors, 炎帝 and creator of agriculture |
周 |
Zhōu gōng | Duke of Zhou (11th c. BC), son of King Wen of Zhou 周文王, played an important role as regent in founding the Western Zhou 西周, and is also known as the "God of Dreams" |
东 |
Dōng Xī Zhōu | Western Zhou (1045-771 BC) and Eastern Zhou (770-256 BC) |
春 |
Chūn qiū | Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC) / Spring and Autumn Annals, chronicle of Lu State (722-481 BC) |
战 |
Zhàn guó | the Warring States period (475-221 BC) |
启 |
Qǐ | Qi son of Yu the Great 禹, reported founder of the Xia Dynasty 夏朝 (c. 2070-c. 1600 BC) |
孔 |
Kǒng zǐ | Confucius (551-479 BC), Chinese thinker and social philosopher, also known as 孔夫子 |
西 |
Xī Hàn | Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-8 AD), also called 前汉, Former Han Dynasty |
绛 |
Jiàng | capital of the Jin State during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-475 BC) |
叙 |
Xù lì yà wén | Syriac language (from c. 2nd century BC) / the Syriac script |
夏 |
Xià cháo | Xia Dynasty (2070-1600 BC) |
函 |
Hán gǔ Guān | Hangu Pass in modern day Henan Province, strategic pass forming the eastern gate of the Qin State during the Warring States Period (770-221 BC) |
孙 |
Sūn zǐ | Sun Tzu, also known as Sun Wu 孙武 (c. 500 BC, dates of birth and death uncertain), general, strategist and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn Period (700-475 BC), believed to be the author of the “Art of War” 孙子兵法, one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武经七书 |