Referenced entries:
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五 |
wǔ xíng | imperial five punishments of feudal China, up to Han times: tattooing characters on the forehead 墨, cutting off the nose 劓, amputation of one or both feet 刖, castration 宫, execution 大辟 / Han dynasty onwards: whipping 笞, beating the legs and buttocks with rough thorns 杖, forced labor 徒, exile or banishment 流, capital punishment 死 |